Effect and mechanism of Bovis Calculus on ulcerative colitis by inhibiting IL-17/IL-17RA/Act1 signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to elucidate the effect and underlying mechanism of Bovis Calculus in the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC) through network pharmacological prediction and animal experimental verification. Databases such as BATMAN-TCM were used to mine the potential targets of Bovis Calculus against UC, and the pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. Seventy healthy C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a solvent model(2% polysorbate 80) group, a salazosulfapyridine(SASP, 0.40 g·kg~(-1)) group, and high-, medium-, and low-dose Bovis Calculus Sativus(BCS, 0.20, 0.10, and 0.05 g·kg~(-1)) groups according to the body weight. The UC model was established in mice by drinking 3% dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) solution for 7 days. The mice in the groups with drug intervention received corresponding drugs for 3 days before modeling by gavage, and continued to take drugs for 7 days while modeling(continuous administration for 10 days). During the experiment, the body weight of mice was observed, and the disease activity index(DAI) score was recorded. After 7 days of modeling, the colon length was mea-sured, and the pathological changes in colon tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), and interleukin-17(IL-17) in colon tissues of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The mRNA expression of IL-17, IL-17RA, Act1, TRAF2, TRAF5, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL10 was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The protein expression of IL-17, IL-17RA, Act1, p-p38 MAPK, and p-ERK1/2 was investigated by Western blot. The results of network pharmacological prediction showed that Bovis Calculus might play a therapeutic role through the IL-17 signaling pathway and the TNF signaling pathway. As revealed by the results of animal experiments, on the 10th day of drug administration, compared with the solvent model group, all the BCS groups showed significantly increased body weight, decreased DAI score, increased colon length, improved pathological damage of colon mucosa, and significantly inhibited expression of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β, and IL-17 in colon tissues. The high-dose BCS(0.20 g·kg~(-1)) could significantly reduce the mRNA expression levels of IL-17, Act1, TRAF2, TRAF5, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL1, and CXCL2 in colon tissues of UC model mice, tend to down-regulate mRNA expression levels of IL-17RA and CXCL10, significantly inhibit the protein expression of IL-17RA,Act1,and p-ERK1/2, and tend to decrease the protein expression of IL-17 and p-p38 MAPK. This study, for the first time from the whole-organ-tissue-molecular level, reveals that BCS may reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by inhibiting the IL-17/IL-17RA/Act1 signaling pathway, thereby improving the inflammatory injury of colon tissues in DSS-induced UC mice and exerting the effect of clearing heat and removing toxins.

Forensic Analysis of 72 Cases with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Caused by Traffic Accidents / 法医学杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and forensic characteristics of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome （MODS） after severe trauma and explore the reference indexes for determining traumatic MODS. Methods In terms of the number of organs or systems involved in MODS, the number of failures of each organ or system, the first failing organ and the survival time after organ failure, 72 cases of MODS death caused by traffic accidents were retrospectively analyzed. The cases were divided into two groups according to the mean injury severity score （ISS）. The t test was used to analyze the differences in the number of organs or systems involved in MODS in the two groups. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in the types of first failing organs and the differences between the two groups in the number of cases of organ or system failure involved in MODS. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the differences between the two groups in survival time of MODS after trauma. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn and Log-Rank test was performed. Results The number of MODS involved organs or systems after trauma in ISS≤35 group was 3-5, and 2-4 in the ISS>35 group （P<0.05）. The cases of MODS organ or system failure after trauma occurred more in brain and lung in the two groups. The first failing organ after trauma was mainly the lung or kidney. The median time of first organ failure after trauma was 2.00 d, the median survival time of MODS after trauma in ISS≤35 group was 6.00 d, and 2.33 d in ISS>35 group （P<0.05）. The survival curve of ISS≤35 group was relatively high and declined gradually, while the survival curve of ISS>35 group was relatively low and the decline was steep （P<0.05）. Conclusion The epidemiological and forensic characteristics of MODS caused by traffic accidents have certain specificity. The ISS and the forensic characteristics of MODS at ISS>35 can be used as reliable reference indexes for evaluation of the causal relationship among trauma, MODS and death.

Cardioprotective Effect of Three Borneol Prevention and Administration on AMI Model Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::The effects of three different doses of borneol on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model rats and the effects on oxidative stress factors were compared to provide reference for elucidation of the dose-effect relationship and mechanism of anti-myocardial infarction. Method::Healthy adult male SPF SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, solvation model group, nitroglycerin group, Borneolum high, medium and low dose(0.6, 0.3, 0.15 g·kg-1) group, l-Borneolum and Borneolum syntheticum high, medium, low dose(0.2, 0.1, 0.05 g·kg-1) group, a total of 13 groups, 20 in each group. Gavage was performed at 20 mL·kg-1 once a day for 3 days of continuous preventive administration. The sham operation group and the model group were given the same volume of distilled water, and the solvation model group was given the same volume of 5% polysorbate 80.On the third day of the pre-administration, 30 minutes after the last dose, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to make a model, and the successful rats were treated for 3 days. BL-420N biological system analyzer was used to record the ST-segment amplitude and hemodynamic changes. Rat body weight and cardiac weight were weighed to calculate cardiac viscera coefficients, 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to calculate the myocardial infarction rate. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the degree of myocardial pathological damage. According to the kit requirements, serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate amino-transaminase (AST), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and oxidative stress factors superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected. Result::Compared with the sham operation group, the ST segment amplitude of the model group significantly increased after 5 minutes, the left ventricular diastolic blood pressure (LVDP) value increased significantly, and the measured maximum shortening velocity (Vpm) value of the left ventricular myocardial contraction component significantly decreased. The organ coefficient and myocardial infarction rate were extremely significantly increased, and the myocardial pathological tissue was severely damaged. The serum CK-MB, AST, LDH, and MDA contents were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the solvation model group, the Borneolum and l-Borneolum in the middle and low, and the Borneolum syntheticum high dose groups could significantly inhibited the abnormal elevation of ST segments at different time points. The Borneolum and l-Borneolum high, medium, low, and Borneolum syntheticum high dose groups significantly increased the left ventricular systolic blood pressure (LVSP) value and decrease the LVDP value (P<0.01). The Borneolum medium, low, and l-Borneolum high, medium, Borneolum syntheticum high dose groups significantly increased the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (dp/dt max) and Vpm value (P<0.05, P<0.01). The Borneolum and l-Borneolum medium, low dose groups significantly reduced rat cardiac organ coefficients. The Borneolum high, medium, low and l-Borneolum, Borneolum syntheticum medium, low dose groups significantly improved myocardial infarction in rats (P< 0.05, P<0.01). The Borneolum low, l-Borneolum high, medium, and Borneolum syntheticum high groups also significantly improved the degree of pathological damage (P<0.01). High dose of l-Borneolum significantly reduced CK-MB content, medium and low dose of l-Borneolum significantly reduced AST activity, medium and low dose of l-Borneolum, high, medium and low dose of Borneolum syntheticum significantly reduced LDH activity (P<0.05, P<0.01). Serum SOD activity of rats in l-Borneolum high, medium, and Borneolum syntheticum high dose groups increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Serum MDA levels in Borneolum high, medium, low, and l-Borneolum high, middle dose groups significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion::Three kinds of borneol in different dose groups can play different degrees of myocardial protection. Under the experimental conditions, there was a trend of l-Borneolum>Borneolum>Borneolum syntheticum in improving the efficacy of myocardial infarction, the dose-effect of Borneolum was negatively correlated, Borneolum syntheticum was positively correlated, and no significant dose-effect relationship between l-Borneolum.

Effect of Yuanzhisan on Learning and Memory Abilities and Food Intake of AD Rats Based on Ghrelin Level of Cerebrointestinal Peptide / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Through the preparation of Alzheimer's disease （AD） rat model， the effect of Yuanzhisan on the expression of Ghrelin was observed， and the possible mechanisms in preventing and treating AD were discussed. Method:A total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group， model group， donepezil group（1.02 mg·kg-1）， and high， medium and low-dose Yuanzhisan groups （12，6，3 g·kg-1）， with 20 rats in each group， including half male and half female. The rats in sham-operated group were injected with normal saline （NS）， and the rats in other groups were injected with β-amyloid 1-40 （Aβ1-40） in hippocampus to induce the AD rat model. During the 10-week continuous gavage， the food intake of rats in each group was observed and recorded. After the end of gavage， learning and memory abilities of rats were tested by Morris water maze. The whole brain and the gastric body and antrum were collected， the pathologic changes in the CA1 area of hippocampus was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the expression of Ghrelin was detected by immunohistochemistry. Result:Compared with the sham-operated group， the escape latency time of model group rats increased （P<0.01），while times across platform， retention time in effective area and movement distance decreased （P<0.01）. The disorder of neurons， the decrease of the neuronal number， and the pyknosis of nucleus were observed in hippocampal CA1 area. The food intake of male and female rats decreased significantly （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The expression of Ghrelin in hippocampal CA1 area and gastric mucosa decreased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the escape latency time of rats in each treatment group was significantly shortened （P<0.05，P<0.01），whereas times across platform， retention time in effective area and movement distance increased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The pathologic change was improved markedly， and the daily food intake of rats in high and medium-dose Yuanzhisan groups increased significantly （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The protein expression of Ghrelin in hippocampal CA1 area and gastric mucosa increased significantly in each Yuanzhisan group （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Conclusion:Yuanzhisan can effectively improve the learning and memory abilities of AD rats and increase the daily intake， which may be related to its up-regulation of Ghrelin content in hippocampal CA1 area and gastric mucosa.

Protective Effect of Compatibility of Coptidis Rhizoma and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex on Rat Model of Ulcerative Colitis and Influence of Apoptosis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the protective effect of different doses of single-flavored Coptis， Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， and their compatibility on ulcerative colitis （UC） model rats and the colonic B lymphoblastoma-2 associated X protein （Bax） and cysteine-containing aspartame-3（Caspase-3） protein， inflammatory cytokines， and other expressions. Method:The 120 healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， sulfasalazine group， Coptidis Rhizoma 2.00， 1.00， 0.50 g·kg-1 group， Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 2.00， 1.00， 0.50 g·kg-1 group， Coptidis Rhizoma combine with Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 4.00， 2.00， 1.00 g·kg-1 group， 12 groups with 10 rats in each group. The UC model was prepared by 2，4， 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid/ethanol （TNBS/ethanol）. After 24 h of modeling， the rats were gavaged at 10 mL·kg-1 for one time/d. After modeling， the mental state， activity state， hair luster， stool characteristics， and blood in the stool of each group were observed. After continuous administration for 6 days， colon tissues and spleen were taken after the last administration for 24 h. The ratio of colonic weight to length and spleen index was calculated. The degree of colonic injury was evaluated according to the colonic mucosal injury index （CMDI） score criteria. the histopathological observation was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining （HE）. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， and myeloperoxidase （MPO） in the serum of Coptidis Rhizoma 2.00 g·kg-1 group， Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 2.00 g·kg-1 group， Coptidis Rhizoma combine with Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 4.00 g·kg-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） in blank group and model group. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins in the colon of rats. Result:Compared with blank group， rats in model group were sluggish and less active. The colon weight-length ratio， spleen index， CMDI， and colon tissue pathological damage increased significantly， and the expression of serum TNF-α， IL-6， and MPO increased significantly. Serum IL-10 expression levels were extremely significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the sulfasalazine group， the Coptidis Rhizoma 2.00， 1.00 g·kg-1 group， the Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 2.00 g·kg-1 group， and the three-dose groups of Coptidis Rhizoma combine with Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， their colon weight-length ratio and CMDI were significantly reduced （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The colon weight length ratio and CMDI index of the Coptidis Rhizoma 0.50 g·kg-1 group， Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 0.50 and 1.00 g·kg-1 group were not significantly different from the model group but compared with Coptidis Rhizoma and Magnolia 0.50 g·kg-1 group， the ratio of colon weight to length in the group of Coptidis Rhizoma combine with Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 1.00 g·kg-1 group was significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the spleen index of the sulfasalazine group， the Coptidis Rhizoma 2.00 g·kg-1， and the Coptidis Rhizoma combine with Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 4.00 g·kg-1 group were significantly lower （P<0.05）， compared with model group， the sulfasalazine group， Coptidis Rhizoma 2.00， 1.00 g·kg-1 and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 2.00 g·kg-1， thre dose groups of Coptidis Rhizoma combine with Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex can significantly improve the depth and scope of histopathological damage and tissue necrosis. Compared with the model group， the preferred Coptidis Rhizoma 2.00 g·kg-1 group， Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 2.00 g·kg-1　group， Coptidis Rhizoma combine with Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 4.00 g·kg-1 group serum TNF-α， IL-6， MPO expression levels are extremely significantly reduced， the level of IL-10 increased significantly （P<0.01）．Compared with blank group， the expression of 　Bax and Caspase-3 protein in the colon of model group was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 protein in preferred Coptidis Rhizoma 2.00 g·kg-1 group and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 2.00 g·kg-1 group， Coptidis Rhizoma combine with Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 4.00 g·kg-1 group were significantly reduced （P<0.01）． Conclusion:The compatibility of single-flavored Coptidis Rhizoma， Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， and Coptidis Rhizoma combine with Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex may improve the pathology of UC model rats induced by TNBS/ethanol by down-regulating the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 protein， inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines and promoting the release of anti-inflammatory factors injury， it plays a role in protecting colonic mucosa. The compatibility effect of Coptidis Rhizoma and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex is better than that of single medicine， and Coptidis Rhizoma has a tendency to be better than Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex.

Therapeutic effect of orthodontic intrusion combined with periodontal regenerative surgery in the treatment of pathologic migration of upper incisors / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To evaluate the effectiveness of orthodontic intrusion combined with periodontal regenerative surgery in the treatment of pathologic migration of upper incisors.Methods· Nine patients with chronic periodontitis who had pathologic migration of upper incisors were selected.After periodontal initial therapy,periodontal regenerative surgery was performed on the vertical defect around 11 displaced teeth,and then orthodontic intrusion was performed 3 months after the surgery.The differences between baseline (T0) and end of orthodontic treatment (T1) of the periodontal clinical parameters and bone defects were analyzed.Results · For all patients,the periodontal clinical parameters and bone defects were significantly improved.The average pocket probing depth reduction was 2.81 mm,the average attachment gain was 3.38 mm,the average gingival recession was reduced by 0.56 mm,and the width of keratinized gingival tissue was not decreased.As measured on the X-ray,the depth and width of the vertical bone defect were reduced by an average of 2.20 mm and 0.55 mm,respectively.Conclusion · Orthodontic intrusion combined with periodontal regenerative surgery can effectively treat pathologic migration of the upper incisors with vertical bone defects,and obtain good periodontal soft and hard tissue regeneration.

Application of CBCT in the detection of gingival biotype of Han nationality youths in Shanghai / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To detect gingival thickness of the anterior teeth region of Han nationality youths in Shanghai by cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT), and evaluate its clinical application feasibility and the gingival biotype. Methods · Firstly, gingival thickness in the same site (5 participators, 30 sites) was detected by bone sounding and CBCT respectively, and the data were compared. A total of 30 participators with healthy gingival were recruited to the study and examined by the CBCT, the gingival thickness of selected sites (330 sites) was assessed and compared. All the subjects were examined by the experienced doctors and classified into three groups, thick-type middle-type and thin-type. Gingival thickness range and the proportion of every type were obtained. All data analyses were performed using SPSS 13.0. Results · There was no statistical difference in the thickness of gingival measured by bone sounding and CBCT (P>0.05). The main gingival biotypes of Han nationality youths in Shanghai were thin-type and middle-type. The average gingival thickness of upper central incisors [(1.32±0.15) mm] was larger than those of upper lateral incisors [(1.07±0.16) mm,P=0.000] and upper canines [(1.08±0.18) mm, P=0.000]. Conclusion · CBCT is feasible for detecting gingival thickness. Gingival thickness of the upper central incisors is significantly larger than those of upper lateral incisors and upper canines. The main gingival biotype of Han nationality youths in Shanghai is middle-type, the proportion of thick-type is least.

The role of Toll-like receptor 4 on inflammation and Aβ formation in cortex astrocytes / 生理学报

To investigate the role and possible molecular mechanism of astrocytes in inflammation and amyloid β-protein (Aβ) formation, in this research, by using LPS to stimulate cultured rat astrocytes in vitro with or without anti-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antibody pretreatment, we first detected the TLR4, TNF-α, IL-1β, β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) and β-site APP clearing enzyme 1 (BACE1) mRNA with real-time PCR, and TLR4, NF-κB/P65 protein in cultured astrocytes by Western blot, and then further probed the translocation of NF-κB/P65 using immunofluorescence and the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and Aβ in culture supernatant through ELISA. We found that all of these indexes increased at different degrees after LPS-stimulation. However, if pretreatment with anti- TLR4 antibody, such stimulating effects of LPS on the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/P65 and TNF-α, IL-1β, Aβ contents in astrocytic culture supernatant were reduced significantly or disappeared in comparison with the group with only LPS-administration. Our results suggest that TLR4 in astrocytes might play an important role in the inflammation and Aβ formation through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thus providing new knowledge and understanding of the inflammatory hypothesis of AD pathogenesis.

Influence of cytokine combinations on proliferation and differentiation of umbilical cord blood CD34(+) cells into megakaryocytes/platelets in vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

In order to investigate the influence of cytokine combinations on proliferation and differentiation of human umbilical cord blood CD34(+) cells into megakaryocytes/platelets in vitro, the CD34(+) cells from human umbilical cord blood were amplified in serum-free medium StemSpan(SFEM) supplemented with several cytokine combinations by three-phase culture system. The effects of the cytokine combinations were compared. The results showed that at day 14 of the first culture phase, the CD34(+) cells cultured with cytokine combinations SCF + TPO + FL + IL-3 were amplified (11 000 ± 1 000) times, which were significantly higher than that of cells cultured with SCF + TPO + FL, but were not significantly different from that of cells cultured with SCF + TPO + IL-3 or SCF + TPO + FL + IL-3+ hydroxyl-corticosteroids. At day 7 of the second culture phase, the CD34(+) cells cultured with cytokine combination SCF + TPO + FL + IL-11 were amplified by (204666.7 ± 11718.9) times, which were significantly higher than that of cells cultured with SCF + TPO + FL + IL-3, but were not significantly different from that of cells cultured with SCF + TPO + FL + IL-11 + BMP4 + VEGF. At day 3 and day 6, the CD34(+) platelet-like cells accounted for about (39.8 ± 1.9)%, (39.7 ± 2.6)% and (25.5 ± 1.4)%, (23.1 ± 3.5)% cultured with SCF + TPO + FL + IL-11 and SCF + TPO + FL + IL-11 + BMP4 + VEGF, and significantly higher than that of the cells cultured with SCF + TPO + FL + IL-3. It is concluded that the cytokine combination of SCF + TPO + FL + IL-3 is most suitable cytokines combination for the amplification of CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells. The cytokine combination of SCF + TPO + FL + IL-11 is preferred for the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes, this study lays an experimental basis for investigating the proliferation and differentiation of CD34(+) into megakaryocytes/platelets in vitro.

To identify a novel HLA-DRB1 allele in Chinese by sequencing / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify a novel HLA-DRB1 allele in Chinese.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A novel HLA-DR allele was detected by PCR-SSP and SBT in a patient with leukemia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sequence of the novel allele was different from all other known alleles. The novel allele differed from the closet matching allele HLA-DRB1*1404 by one nucleotide substitution in exon 2, at position 33 T>C, this resulted in an amino acid change from Tyr to His at codon 17.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The novel allele is confirmed as a new HLA allele and it was officially named HLA-DRB1*1461 by WHO Nomenclature Committee in May, 2006.</p>

Forensic pathological analysis on 23 cases of fatal pulmonary thromboembolism / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the forensic pathological characteristics of sudden death caused by pulmonary thromboembolism and the chronological transformation of thrombus and explore the assessment method of the causal relationship between previous trauma and the following fatal PTE episode.@*METHODS@#All the 23 cases reviewed here were collected from our institute files from the year of 1998 to 2008.@*RESULTS@#Trauma, surgery and braking etc. were all risky factors of PTE. Of these cases, 12 cases were caused by trauma, 21 cases were caused by surgery and 22 cases died in hospitals which were often happened one or two weeks after injury or one week's postoperative time. Of all the cases, 6 cases had single attack of thrombus and the rest 17 cases had the recurrence of thrombus. The number of the leg deep vein to be the embolic source was 16 cases which were often seen in the left leg.@*CONCLUSION@#It is important to confirm the embolic source, trauma, surgery and chronological events in determing the sudden death with PTE.

Investigation on induced expansion of erythroid cells from cord blood CD34(+) cells in vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate a beneficial approach for resolving the deficiency of blood source, preventing the infection resulting from blood transfusion and overcoming the knotty match of patients with rare blood group by using massive expansion of erythroid cells from cord blood CD34(+) cells in vitro. The CD34(+) cells from human cord blood were cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin-3 (IL-3) and erythropoietin (EPO) for 1 week, then expansion and differentiation of CD34(+) cells into erythroid cells were supported by co-culture with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow for 2 weeks. The results indicated that after culture for 23 days, the expansion multiple of total cell number reached 2.52 x 10(5), and over 95% of these cells were erythroid cells as compared with less than 1% of myelomonocytic (CD14(+) or CD15(+)) cells and megakaryocytic (CD41(+)) cells. However, the culture system without MSC support was significantly disadvantaged both in expansion ability and ratio of erythroid cells when compared with MSC supporting system. It is concluded that the erythroid cells can be produced from CD34(+) cells in large scale by culturing in the system comprised of cytokine sets and MSC feeders, in which MSCs can support the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid cells.

A recombination event occurring between HLA-B and DRB1 loci within a Chinese Han family / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate a recombination event occurring between the HLA-B and DRB1 loci in a Chinese family with a leukemia patient.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HLA class I (-A and -B) low resolution typing was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide, PCR-SSO). HLA class II low resolution typing was performed by PCR-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP). And HLA class I and II high resolution typing was done by sequencing-based typing (SBT). Then the recombination event was analyzed by family study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 2 haplotypes of the patient were A*3101-B*1301-DRB1*0701 and A*3303-B*4403-DRB1*1302. His father's 2 haplotypes were A*3001-B*1302-DRB1*0701 and A*3101-B*1301-DRB1*1501. Family study demonstrated that the HLA-A*3101-B*1301 was from one of his father's chromosome and the DRB1*0701 was from the other chromosome of his father. So the result indicated that the recombination event occurred between the HLA-B and -DRB1 loci during meiosis of his father and resulted in a new HLA haplotype that was transferred to the son.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A HLA-B/DR recombination event occurring between the HLA-B and -DRB1 loci has been found in a Chinese family, which may help further study of the mechanism of HLA recombination.</p>

Identification of a novel HLA allele DRB1*1462 by sequence-based typing / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was to identify a novel HLA-DRB1 allele in Chinese population by nucleotide sequence ana- lysis. The HLA typing of genes was performed by PCR-SSO and PCR-SSP, the ambiguous novel allele was identified by DNA sequence analysis. The results showed that the sequence of this new allele differed from DRB1*140101 by one nucleotide substitution at position 256 in exon 2 (G- > A), resulting in an amino acid change from Ala to Thr at codon 57. In conclusion, this allele is a novel one, which has been officially given the name DRB1*1462 by the WHO nomenclature committee in January 2006.

Analysis of death caused by postpartum hemorrhage / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the pathological characteristics and the death reasons due to postpartum hemorrhage, and to help to deal with the obstetrical medical tangles.@*METHODS@#Thirty-two cases of death caused by postpartum hemorrhage encountered in our department since 1995 had been collected and retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Death caused by postpartum hemorrhage could be divided into single factor and multi-factor, with 81.25% due to single factor, 12.50% multi-factor, and 6.25% unknown reason. The single factors included uterine atony, retained placenta, placenta increta, laceration of the lower genital tract, and coagulation defects. The multi-factor included a combination of two or more factors mentioned above.@*CONCLUSION@#The causes of death due to postpartum hemorrhage should be analyzed according to the clinical characteristics of the postpartum hemorrhage and the autopsy examination.